• Species Reactivity

  Human

• Specificity

  Detects human GPR56 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, less than 1% cross-reactivity with recombinant human (rh) GPR30, rhGPR114, rhGPR115, rhGPR124, and rhGPR125 is observed.

• Source

  Polyclonal Sheep IgG

• Purification

  Antigen Affinity-purified

• Immunogen

  Chinese hamster ovary cell line CHO-derived recombinant human GPR56    
  Arg26-Val342    
  Accession # AAP35975

• Formulation

  Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.  

• Label

  Unconjugated

Applications

• Recommended    
  Concentration

  Sample

• Western Blot

  1 µg/mL

  See below

• 
  

• Flow Cytometry

  2.5 µg/10    ⁶ cells

  See below

• 
  

• CyTOF-ready

  Ready to be labeled using established conjugation methods. No BSA or other carrier proteins that could interfere with conjugation.

• 
  

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.  are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Data Examples

Preparation and Storage

• Reconstitution

  Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

• Shipping

  The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. *Small pack size (SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at -20 to -70 °C

• Stability & Storage

  Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.    

• 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.

• 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

• 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: GPR56

GPR56 is a member of the LN-TM7 family of adhesion-type 7-transmembrane (TM) G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) with long extracellular N-termini (1‑3). The 693 amino acid (aa) human GPR56 contains a 25 aa signal sequence, a 377 aa N-terminal extracellular domain (ECD) and seven TM regions separated by short intracellular and extracellular regions. Like other LN-TM7 members, the ECD contains a highly glycosylated mucin-like stalk followed by a GPCR proteolytic cleavage site (GPS) (1, 4). Cleavage of the 60 kDa N-terminus from the 80 kDa full length form is needed for efficient cell surface expression (5, 6). While the cleaved portion may remain non-covalently associated, it has also been found in conditioned medium of cultured cells (5). Human GPR56 shares 71%, 72%, 80%, 80% and 79% aa identity with mouse, rat, canine, equine, and bovine GPR56 within the cleaved ECD. A functional splice variant lacking the GPS site and a non-functional splice variant lacking portions of the TM domains have also been described (4). A human brain developmental disorder, bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria, is associated with GPR56 mutations that also show impaired GPS cleavage, intracellular trafficking, and expression at the cell surface (5). GPR56 is widely distributed, with highest mRNA or expressed sequence tag expression in brain, thyroid, skin and female reproductive system (3, 4). GPR56 expression is upregulated during cell transformation and is high in melanomas, glioblastomas and astrocytomas, but downregulated in melanomas with high metastatic potential (2, 6‑8). Although the function of GPR56 is not completely known, it is clearly an adhesion protein (6‑8). Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is one reported ligand, binding of which inhibits melanoma growth and metastasis (6). Association of GPR56 with the tetraspanin CD81 stabilizes its complex with Gaq/11 for cell signaling (9).

• References:

1. Fredriksson, R. et al. (2002) FEBS Lett. 531:407.

2. Zendman, A.J.W. et al. (1999) FEBS Lett. 446:292.

3. Liu, M. et al. (1999) Genomics 55:296.

4. Bjarnadottir, T.K. et al. (2007) Gene 387:38.

5. Jin, Z. et al. (2007) Hum. Mol. Genet. 16:1972.

6. Xu, L. et al. (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:9023.

7. Shashidhar, S. et al. (2005) Oncogene 24:1673.

8. Ke, N. et al. (2007) Mol. Cancer Ther. 6:1840.

9. Little, K.D. et al. (2004) Mol. Biol. Cell 15:2375.

• Long Name:

  G Protein-coupled Receptor 56

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  9289 (Human); 14766 (Mouse); 260326 (Rat)

• Alternate Names:

  BFPP; EGF-TM7-like; G protein-coupled receptor 56,7-transmembrane protein with no EGF-like N-terminal domains-1; GPR56; Protein TM7XN1; TM7LN4; TM7LN4G-protein coupled receptor 56; TM7XN1; TM7XN1DKFZp781L1398