• Species Reactivity

  Mouse

• Specificity

  Detects mouse TGF-beta 1.

• Source

  Monoclonal Rat IgG    _2A Clone # 860206

• Purification

  Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

• Immunogen

  Chinese hamster ovary cell line CHO-derived recombinant mouse TGF-beta 1    
  Met1-Ser390    
  Accession # P04202

• Formulation

  Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

• Label

  Unconjugated

Applications

• Recommended    
  Concentration

  Sample

• Flow Cytometry

  0.25 µg/10    ⁶ cells

  See below

• 
  

• CyTOF-ready

  Ready to be labeled using established conjugation methods. No BSA or other carrier proteins that could interfere with conjugation.

• 
  

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.  are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Data Examples

Preparation and Storage

• Reconstitution

  Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

• Shipping

  The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. *Small pack size (SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at -20 to -70 °C

• Stability & Storage

  Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.    

• 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.

• 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

• 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: TGF-beta 1

TGF-beta 1 (Transforming Growth Factor beta 1) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF-beta superfamily that share a characteristic cystine knot structure (1‑7). TGF-beta 1, -2 and -3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (1‑4). Each TGF-beta isoform has some non‑redundant functions; for TGF-beta 1, mice with targeted deletion show defects in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation, and die of overwhelming inflammation (2). Human TGF‑ beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein (8). A furin‑like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N‑terminal 249 aa Latency‑Associated Peptide (LAP) and a C‑terminal 112 aa mature TGF‑ beta 1 (8, 9). Disulfide‑linked homodimers of LAP and TGF‑ beta 1 remain non‑covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF‑ beta 1 complex (8‑10). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF‑ beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (9, 10). TGF‑ beta is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins (10). Mature human TGF‑ beta 1 shares 100% aa identity with pig, dog and cow TGF‑ beta 1, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and horse TGF‑ beta 1. It demonstrates cross‑species activity (1). TGF‑ beta 1 signaling begins with high‑affinity binding to a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGF‑ beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a second ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF‑ beta RI, also known as Activin Receptor‑Like Kinase 5(ALK‑5), or alternatively, ALK‑1. This complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription (3, 11, 12). Contributions of the accessory receptors Betaglycan (also known as TGF‑ beta  RIII) and Endoglin, or use of Smad‑independent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to TGF‑ beta in different contexts (11).

• References:

1. Derynck, R. and K. Miyazono (2008) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 29.

2. Dunker, N. and K. Krieglstein (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. 267:6982.

3. Wahl, S.M. (2006) Immunol. Rev. 213:213.

4. Chang, H. et al. (2002) Endocr. Rev. 23:787.

5. Lin, J.S. et al. (2006) Reproduction 132:179.

6. Hinck, A.P. et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35:8517.

7. Mittl, P.R.E. et al. (1996) Protein Sci. 5:1261.

8. Derynck, R. et al. (1985) Nature 316:701.

9. Miyazono, K. et al. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263:6407.

10. Oklu, R. and R. Hesketh (2000) Biochem. J. 352:601.

11. de Caestecker, M. et al. (2004) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15:1.

12. Zuniga, J.E. et al. (2005) J. Mol. Biol. 354:1052.

• Long Name:

  Transforming Growth Factor beta 1

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  7040 (Human); 21803 (Mouse); 59086 (Rat); 397078 (Porcine); 100033900 (Equine)

• Alternate Names:

  CEDLAP; DPD1; latency-associated peptide; TGFB; TGFB1; TGF-beta 1 protein; TGFbeta 1; TGF-beta 1; TGFbeta; TGF-beta-1; transforming growth factor beta-1; transforming growth factor, beta 1