• Species Reactivity

  Human

• Specificity

  Detects human FGF-21 in direct ELISAs.    
   

• Source

  Recombinant Monoclonal Goat IgG    _2B Clone # 40020A

• Purification

  Protein A or G purified from cell culture supernatant

• Immunogen

  E. coli-derived recombinant human FGF-21    
  His29-Ser209    
  Accession # Q9NSA1

• Formulation

  Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.  

• Label

  Unconjugated

Applications

• 
  

  Recommended    
  Concentration

  Sample

• Neutralization

  Measured by its ability to neutralize FGF-21-induced proliferation in BaF3 mouse pro-B cell line transfected with human FGF-RIIIc. The Neutralization Dose (ND    ₅₀) is typically 0.5-3 μg/mL in the presence of Recombinant Mouse Klotho beta.

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.  are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Data Examples

Preparation and Storage

• Reconstitution

  Reconstitue at 0.5mg/mL in sterile PBS.

• Shipping

  The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. *Small pack size (SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at -20 to -70 °C

• Stability & Storage

  Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.    

• 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.

• 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

• 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: FGF-21

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is a member of the FGF gene family, which currently contains 22 human members. Based on its structure, it is further classified as an FGF19 subfamily member. This subfamily includes FGF-19, -21, and -23. Like all other FGF subfamilies, FGF-19 subfamily members contain a 120 amino acid (aa) core FGF domain that exhibits a beta -trefoil structure (1, 2). Unlike other FGF subfamilies, FGF-19 subfamily members apparently exhibit poor binding to ECM, resulting in highly diffusible molecules (3). The c-DNA for FGF-21 predicts a 209 aa polypeptide that contains a 28 aa signal sequence and a 181 aa mature region (4). Notably, FGF-21, as well as FGF-19 show limited binding to heparin (4). One potential alternate splice form has been reported. It shows a 43 aa substitution for the
C-terminal 12 aa of the standard form (5). Mature human FGF-21 shows 81% aa identity to mouse FGF-21, and is known to be active on mouse cells (4, 6).
The FGF-19 subfamily is considered endocrine in nature. All three subfamily members impact some aspect of metabolism, all three are induced by a nuclear receptor heterodimer that includes RXR, and all three utilize Klotho family members for signal transduction (7, 8, 9). FGF-21 is produced by hepatocytes in response to free fatty acid (FFA) stimulation of a PPARa/RXR dimeric complex (3, 7, 10, 11). This situation occurs clinically during starvation, or following the ingestion of a
high-fat/low-carbohydrate diet. Upon FGF-21 secretion, white adipose tissue is induced to release FFAs from triglyceride stores. Once FFAs reach hepatocytes, they are oxidized and reduced to acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA is recombined into 4-carbon ketone bodies (acetoacetate and beta -hydroxybutyrate), released, and transported to peripheral tissues for TCA processing and energy generation (11, 12).

• References:

1. Itoh, N. and D.M. Ornitz (2004) Trends Genet. 20:563.

2. Mohammadi, M. et al. (2005) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 16:107.

3. Huang, X. et al. (2006) Mol. Carcinog. 45:934.

4. Nishimura, T. et al. (2000) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1492:203.

5. GenBank Accession #: EAW52401 (2006).

6. Ford, A.M. et al. (2005) J. Clin. Invest. 115:1627.

7. Moore, D. D. (2007) Science 316:1436.

8. Ogawa, Y. et al. (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104:7432.

9. Kurosu, H. et. al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:26687.

10. Lundasen, T. et al. (2007) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 360:437.

11. Badman, M.K. et al. (2007) Cell Metab. 5:426.

12. Inagaki, T. et al. (2007) Cell Metab. 5:415.

• Long Name:

  Fibroblast Growth Factor 21

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  26291 (Human); 56636 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  FGF21; FGF-21; fibroblast growth factor 21