• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its ability to induce IL-17 secretion by mouse splenocytes. Aggarwal, S.     et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem.     278:1910. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 0.1-0.5 ng/mL.

• Source

  Spodoptera frugiperda,     Sf 21 (baculovirus)-derived

  Rat IL-23 p40 (Met23 - Ser335) Accession # NP_072133	IGSGSSRGGSGSGGSGGGGSK	Rat IL-23 p19 (Leu20 - Ala196) Accession # NP_569094	8-His tag
  N-terminus			C-terminus

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Met23

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  58.3 kDa

• SDS-PAGE

  66 kDa, reducing conditions

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: IL-23

Interleukin 23 (IL-23) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of two disulfide-linked subunits, a p19 subunit that is unique to IL-23, and a p40 subunit that is shared with IL-12 (1 - 5). The p19 subunit has homology to the p35 subunit of IL-12, as well as to other single chain cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-11. The p40 subunit is homologous to the extracellular domains of the hematopoietic cytokine receptors. The rat p19 cDNA encodes a 196 amino acid (aa) residue precursor protein with a putative 19 aa signal peptide and 177 aa mature protein. The mature rat p19 protein shares 88%, 78%, 76%, 75%, 71%, and 70% aa sequence identity with mouse, human, canine, equine, guinea pig, and bovine, respectively. Activated macrophages and dendritic cells express p19 and p40 concurrently to produce IL-23 (1, 4). The functional IL-23 receptor complex consists of two receptor subunits, the IL-12 receptor beta 1 subunit (IL-12R beta 1) and the IL-23-specific receptor subunit (IL-23R) (3). IL-23 and IL-12 have overlapping but distinct biological activities. IL-12 drives development of Th1 cells and induces production of IFN-gamma by NK cells; IL-23 induces proliferation of Th17 cells and CD4⁺ memory T cells distinct from Th1 which produce IL-17, a potent proinflammatory cytokine (2). IL-23 also drives IL-17 production by NK cells and neutrophils (6). While both IL-12 and IL-23 pathways respond to infectious agents, the IL-23 - IL-17 immune pathway induces the earliest recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection while the more classic host defense and cytotoxic response is stimulated by IL-12 (5). Dysregulation of the IL-23 - IL-17 immune pathway has a key role in organ-specific autoimmune inflammatory tissue destruction (2, 7).

• References:

1. Oppmann, B. et al. (2000) Immunity 13:715.

2. McKenzie, B.S. et al. (2006) Trends Immunol. 27:17.

3. Parham, C. et al. (2002) J. Immunol. 168:5699.

4. Cua, D.J. et al. (2003) Nature 421:744.

5. Aggarwal, S. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:1910.

6. Langrish, C.L. et al. (2004) Immunol. Rev. 202:96.

7. Murphy, C.A. et al. (2003) J. Exp. Med. 198:1951.

• Long Name:

  Interleukin 23

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  51561 (Human); 83430 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  IL23; IL-23; IL23A; IL-23A; IL-23-A; IL-23p19; IL23P19P19; interleukin 23 p19 subunit; interleukin 23, alpha subunit p19; interleukin-23 subunit alpha; Interleukin-23 subunit p19; JKA3 induced upon T-cell activation; MGC79388; SGRF; SGRFIL-23 subunit alpha