• Species Reactivity

  Human

• Specificity

  Detects human PD-1 in direct ELISAs.

• Source

  Monoclonal Mouse IgG1 Clone # 913429

• Immunogen

  Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human PD-1    
  Met1-Gln167    
  Accession # Q15116

• Formulation

  Supplied 0.2 mg/mL in a saline solution containing BSA and Sodium Azide.

• Label

  Alexa Fluor 700

Applications

• 
  

  Recommended    
  Concentration

  Sample

• Flow Cytometry

  0.25-1 µg/10    ⁶ cells

  Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with PHA

• 
  

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.  are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Preparation and Storage

• Shipping

  The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

• Stability & Storage

  Store the unopened product at 2 - 8 °C. Do not use past expiration date.

Background: PD-1

Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) is a type I transmembrane protein belonging to the CD28/CTLA-4 family of immunoreceptors that mediate signals for regulating immune responses (1). Members of the CD28/CTLA-4 family have been shown to either promote T cell activation (CD28 and ICOS) or downregulate T cell activation (CTLA-4 and PD-1) (2). PD-1 is expressed on activated T cells, B cells, myeloid cells, and on a subset of thymocytes. In vitro, ligation of PD-1 inhibits TCR-mediated T cell proliferation and production of IL-1, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-gamma. In addition, PD-1 ligation also inhibits BCR mediated signaling. PD-1 deficient mice have a defect in peripheral tolerance and spontaneously develop autoimmune diseases (2, 3). Two B7 family proteins, PD-L1 (also called B7-H1) and PD-L2 (also known as B7-DC), have been identified as PD-1 ligands. Unlike other B7 family proteins, both PD‑L1 and PD‑L2 are expressed in a wide variety of normal tissues including heart, placenta, and activated spleens (4). The wide expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 and the inhibitor effects on PD-1 ligation indicate that PD-1 might be involved in the regulation of peripheral tolerance and may help prevent autoimmune diseases (2). The human PD-1 gene encodes a 288 amino acid (aa) protein with a putative 20 aa signal peptide, a 148 aa extracellular region with one immunoglobulin-like V‑type domain, a 24 aa transmembrane domain, and a 95 aa cytoplasmic region. The cytoplasmic tail contains two tyrosine residues that form the Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Inhibitory Motif (ITIM) and Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Switch Motif (ITSM) that are important in mediating PD-1 signaling. Mouse and human PD-1 share approximately 60% aa sequence identity (4).

• References:

1. Ishida, Y. et al. (1992) EMBO J. 11:3887.

2. Nishimura, H. and T. Honjo (2001) Trends in Immunol. 22:265.

3. Latchman, Y. et al. (2001) Nature Immun. 2:261.

4. Carreno, B.M. and M. Collins (2002) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 20:29.

• Long Name:

  Programmed Death-1

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  5133 (Human); 18566 (Mouse); 301626 (Rat); 486213 (Canine); 102123659 (Cynomolgus Monkey)

• Alternate Names:

  CD279 antigen; CD279; hPD-1; PD-1; PD1hPD-l; PDCD1; programmed cell death 1; programmed cell death protein 1; Protein PD-1; SLEB2