• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by the ability of the immobilized protein to support the adhesion of Neuro‑2A mouse neuroblastoma cells. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is typically 1-4 μg/mL.    
     Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.  

• Source

  Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived Arg30-Thr851, with a C-terminal 6-His tag

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Arg30

• Structure / Form

  Monomer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  92.8 kDa

• SDS-PAGE

  110-120 kDa, reducing conditions

Background: Calsyntenin-1

Calsyntenin-1 (CST-1; gene name CLSTN1), also called Alcadein-alpha, is a 140‑150 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is member of the Alcadein family of cadherin domain-containing molecules (1, 2). The human Calsyntenin-1 cDNA encodes 981 amino acids (aa), including a 28 aa signal sequence and the 953 aa mature protein (1). Further cleavage by ADAM10 and ADAM17 generates an N-terminal 115 kDa portion containing the two cadherin domains (aa 38‑265), termed soluble Alc‑ alpha, and a C-terminal portion, termed CTF1-alpha (1, 3). CTF1-alpha contains 34 extracellular aa, 21 transmembrane aa, and 101 cytoplasmic aa that are highly acidic and bind calcium (1, 4). Isoforms of 962-994 aa contain a 78 aa substitution for aa 917‑981, with or without deletions of aa 72‑81 and 507‑525. Within the soluble Alc‑ alpha portion (aa 30‑851), human Calsyntenin-1 shares 92% aa sequence identity with mouse, 93% with equine, and 91% with rat, canine, bovine and porcine Calsyntentin-1. It is expressed in neuronal post-synaptic plasma membranes, neuronal APP-containing early endosomal vesicles (full-length CST-1) and APP-negative recycling‑endosomal vesicles (CST-1 cleaved form), plus the secretory granules of anterior pituitary basophilic gonadotrophs and pancreatic islet alpha -cells (1-6). Soluble Alc‑ alpha mediates adhesion and can be released from axons, while CTF1-alpha can be internalized and mediates trafficking of vesicles via interaction with Kinesin-1 (1, 6-9). This interaction facilitates intracellular transport of vesicles along microtubules in axonal growth cones (7-10). Calsyntenin regulates amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage and transport, and perturbation of axonal transport of APP by CST-1 containing carriers results in increased production of A beta. Finally, CST-1 may also play a regulatory role in post-synaptic signaling (1, 2, 4, 8, 10).

• References:

1. Vogt, L. et al. (2001) Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 17:151.

2. Araki, Y. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:49448.

3. Hata, S. et al. (2009) J. Biol. Chem. 284:36024.

4. Hintsch, G. et al. (2002) Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 21:393.

5. Rindler, M.J. et al. (2008) J. HIstochem. Cytochem. 56:381.

6. Steuble, M. et al. (2010) Proteomics 10:3775.

7. Konecna, A. et al. (2006) Mol. Biol. Cell 17:3651.

8. Araki, Y. et al. (2007) EMBO J. 26:1475.

9. Vagnoni, A. et al. (2011) J. Cell Sci. 24:1032.

10. Ludwig, A. et al. (2009) Traffic 10:572.

11. Vagnoni, A. et al. (2012) Hum. Mol. Genet. Mar. 27 [Epub ahead of print].

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  22883 (Human); 65945 (Mouse); 313717 (Rat)

• Alternate Names:

  alcadein alpha 1; Alcadein-alpha; ALC-ALPHA; alcalpha1; alcalpha2; Alzheimer-related cadherin-like protein; cadherin-related family member 12; calsyntenin 1; Calsyntenin1; Calsyntenin-1; CDHR12; CLSTN1; CS1; CSTN1; FLJ32258; KIAA0911alcadein-alpha; Non-classical cadherin XB31alpha; non-classical cadherin XB31alpha1; PIK3CD; XB31alpha