• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. When rhLYPD3 is immobilized at 0.5 μg/mL (100 μL/well), rhGalectin-3 binds with an apparent K    _D <80 nM.  

• Source

  Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived Leu31-His286, with a C-terminal 6-His tag

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Leu31

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  27.7 kDa

• SDS-PAGE

  60-75 kDa, reducing conditions

Background: C4.4A/LYPD3

C4.4A, also known as Ly6/PLAUR domain containing 3 (LYPD-3), is a GPI-linked protein with structural similarity to the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) (1). It is a 65 - 100 kDa molecule with variable cell type-specific N- and O-linked glycosylation, and shares 80% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat C4.4A (2, 3). Mature human C4.4A contains two uPAR/Ly6 domains and a Ser/Thr/Pro-rich (STP) region that includes a protease sensitive site (4, 5). Proteolytic cleavage following the second uPAR/Ly6 domain generates a 35 - 40 kDa soluble form, while ADAM10 or ADAM17-mediated cleavage within the STP region generates a 90 kDa soluble form (6, 8). Soluble C4.4A can also be shed and released in membrane vesicles (5). C4.4A is expressed in the suprabasal layers of stratified squamous epithelium and is upregulated on migrating keratinocytes during wound healing (6, 7). Its expression is downregulated during the onset of epithelial dysplasia but is subsequently upregulated at the invasive front of melanomas and various carcinomas (2, 6, 5, 9). Metastases derived from these tumors also express high levels of C4.4A (2, 5, 6). The interaction of C4.4A with Laminin 1 and 5 on neighboring cells promotes the adhesion, spreading, and migration of tumor cells (4, 6, 10). C4.4A additionally interacts with Galectin-3 and the anterior gradient proteins AG-2 and AG-3 (10, 11). C4.4A overexpression in non-small cell lung cancer is predictive of increased mortality (12).

• References:

1. Jacobsen, B. and M. Ploug (2008) Curr. Med. Chem. 15:2559.

2. Rosel, M. et al. (1998) Oncogene 17:1989.

3. Paret, C. et al. (2007) Br. J. Cancer 97:1146.

4. Smith, B.A. et al. (2001) Cancer Res. 61:1678.

5. Wurfel, J. et al. (2001) Gene 262:35.5.

6. Hansen, L.V. et al. (2008) Int. J. Cancer 122:734.

7. Hansen, L.V. et al. (2004) Biochem. J. 380:845.

8. Esselens, C.W. et al. (2008) Biol. Chem. 389:1075.

9. Seiter, S. et al. (2001) J. Invest. Dermatol. 116:344.

10. Paret, C. et al. (2005) Int. J. Cancer 115:724.

11. Fletcher, G.C. et al. (2003) Br. J. Cancer 88:579.

12. Hansen, L.V. et al. (2007) Lung Cancer 58:260.

• Long Name:

  Leucine Rich Repeat and Fibronectin Type III Domain Containing 3

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  27076 (Human); 72434 (Mouse); 60378 (Rat)

• Alternate Names:

  C4.4A; C4.4A2310061G07Rik; GPI-anchored metastasis-associated protein C4.4A homolog; GPI-anchored metastasis-associated protein homolog; LY6/PLAUR domain containing 3; ly6/PLAUR domain-containing protein 3; LYPD3; Matrigel-induced gene C4 protein; MIG-C4