• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its ability to enhance neurite outgrowth of E16-E18 rat embryonic cortical neurons. Recombinant Human Reg3A immobilized at 10 µg/mL is able to significantly enhance neurite outgrowth.

• Source

  E. coli-derived Glu27-Asp175, with an N-terminal Met

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Met

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  17 kDa

• SDS-PAGE

  17 kDa, reducing conditions

Background: Reg3A

Reg3A (Regenerating islet-derived protein 3 alpha), also known as Reg III-alpha, hReg3 beta, or HIP/PAP (human islet peptide / pancreatitis associated protein) in humans and PAP2 in rodents, is a secreted 16-17 kDa member of the Reg family of C-type lectins (1-5). The type III genes in the Reg family, including Reg3A, are thought to have cell-protective and proliferative effects (4-6). The 149 amino acid (aa) mature human Reg3A (aa 27-175) contains a small, trypsin-cleavable PAP domain
(aa 27-39) and a C-type lectin domain, and lacks potential N-glycosylation sites (3, 4).  Mature human Reg3A shares 60% and 57% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat Reg3A, respectively, while human Reg3A shares 84% aa sequence identity with the only other known human type III Reg, Reg3G (also called Reg3 gamma or PAP1B). EXTL3 (exostosis-like gene 3) is a putative receptor for Reg proteins (2, 7). In humans, Reg3A expression is increased in acute pancreatitis, and its expression and proteolytic activation in the small intestine is thought to have a protective effect against infection and TNF-alpha -induced stress (1, 8). Rodent Reg3A is mainly expressed in the intestinal tract, keratinocytes in inflamed skin, pancreatic acinar cells and islet alpha cells, where proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and
IL-17 enhances its expression (5-7, 9-11). Pancreatic Reg3A expression is also increased in mouse models of type 1 diabetes (6). In the rat brain, nerve injury and inflammation increase Reg3A expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons, while low dopamine levels in stress induce its production by melanocytes (12, 13). Treatment of rat macrophages with Reg3A causes up‑regulation of NFkB signaling and modulates cytokine production (2, 4, 14).

• References:

1. Orelle, B et al. (1992) J Clin. Invest 90:2284.

2. Parikh, A. et al. (2012) Biomol. Concepts 3:57.

3. Graf, R. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:21028.

4. Viterbo, D. et al. (2008) J. Immunol. 181:1959.

5. Cui, W. et al. (2009) Growth Factors 27:195.

6. Lu, Y. et al. (2006) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 291:E50.

7. Lai, Y. et al. (2012) Immunity 37:74.

8. Medveczky, P. et al. (2009) Biochem. J. 420:335.

9. Gurr, W. et al. (2007) Diabetes 56:34.

10. Cash, H.L. et al. (2006) Science 313:1126.

11. Lehotzky, R.E. et al. (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107:7722.

12. He, S.Q. et al. (2010) Mol. Pain 6:23.

13. Konishi, H. et al. (2011) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 407:7.

14. Viterbo, D. et al. (2008) J. Immunol. 181:1948.

• Long Name:

  Regenerating Islet-derived IIIa

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  5068 (Human); 19694 (Mouse); 171162 (Rat)

• Alternate Names:

  hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas; HIPpancreatitis-associated protein; Human proislet peptide; Lithostathine 3; pancreatic beta cell growth factor; Pancreatitis-associated protein 1; PAP homologous protein; PAP1FLJ18565; PAP2; PAPPAP-H; PBCGF; proliferation-inducing protein 34; proliferation-inducing protein 42; Reg III-alpha; REG3; Reg3A; REG-3-alpha; regenerating islet-derived 3 alpha; regenerating islet-derived protein 3-alpha; Regenerating islet-derived protein III-alpha; REG-III