• Species Reactivity

  Human

• Specificity

  Detects human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 in direct ELISAs.

• Source

  Monoclonal Mouse IgG1 Clone # 109101

• Immunogen

  S. frugiperda insect ovarian cell line     Sf 21-derived recombinant human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18    
  Glu52-Ser177    
  Accession # Q9UNG2

• Formulation

  Supplied 0.2 mg/mL in a saline solution containing BSA and Sodium Azide.

• Label

  Alexa Fluor 488

Applications

• 
  

  Recommended    
  Concentration

  Sample

• Flow Cytometry

  0.25-1 µg/10    ⁶ cells

  HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells

• 
  

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.  are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Preparation and Storage

• Shipping

  The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

• Stability & Storage

  Store the unopened product at 2 - 8 °C. Do not use past expiration date.

Background: GITR Ligand/TNFSF18

GITR (glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor superfamily-related protein, also named AITR, activation-inducible TNF receptor superfamily-related protein) and GITR ligand (GITRL) are novel members of the TNF receptor (TNFR) and TNF superfamilies (SF) that have been designated TNFRSF18 and TNFSF18, respectively. Human GITRL cDNA encodes a 177 amino acid residues type II membrane protein. The carboxy-terminal extracellular domain shows sequence identity to TNF/TNFSF2 (21%), Fas ligand/TNFSF6 (21%), TRAIL/TNFSF10 (18%), and lymphotoxin alpha /TNFSF1 (18%). GITRL is constitutively expressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells but is not expressed in resting or stimulated T cell lines, B cell lines or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. GITR, the receptor for GITRL, is expressed at low levels in peripheral blood T cells, bone marrow, thymus, spleen and lymph nodes. In contrast to mouse GITR, expression of human GITR is not induced by treatment with dexamethasone, but is up-regulated by antigen-receptor stimulation or by treatment with soluble anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 or PMA plus ionomycin. Ligation of GITR has been found to induce nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B activation via TNF receptor-associated factor 2 and protect cells from TCR activation-induced cell death. It has been proposed that GITRL and GITR may modulate T lymphocyte functions in peripheral tissues.

• References:

1. Nocentini, G. et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:6216.

2. Kwon, B. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:6056.

3. Gurney, A.L. et al. (1999) Current Biology 9:215.

4. Kwon, B. et al. (1999) Current Opinion in Immunology 11:340.

• Long Name:

  Glucocorticoid Induced TNF Receptor Family Related Gene Ligand

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  8995 (Human); 240873 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  Activation-inducible TNF-related ligand; AITRLMGC138237; GITR Ligand; GITRLglucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein ligand; Glucocorticoid-induced TNF-related ligand; hGITRLGITR ligand; TL6AITR ligand; TNFSF18; tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 18; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 18