• Purity

  >90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. When Recombinant Human TSG-6 is present at 0.5 μg/well, the concentration of biotinylated hyaluronan that produces 50% of the optimal binding response is found to be approximately 4-30 ng/mL.

• Source

  Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived Trp18-Leu277, with a C-terminal 10-His tag

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Trp18

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  30.5 kDa

• SDS-PAGE

  40 kDa, reducing conditions

Data Images

Background: TSG-6

TSG-6 (TNF-stimulated gene 6; also TNFIP6) is a secreted, 35-39 kDa group A member of the LINK‑Module superfamily of proteins (1 - 4). Human TSG‑6 is synthesized as a 277 amino acid (aa) precursor. It contains a 17 aa signal sequence and a 260 aa mature region (5, 6). The mature region shows an N-terminal LINK module (aa 36-129) and a C-terminal CUB (C1s/C1r; urchin embryonic growth factor; BMP1) domain (aa 135-247). Link modules are alpha -helical, beta -sheet structures that bind hyaluronan (HA) and participate in extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly (7). Mature human TSG-6 shares 94% aa identity with both mouse and canine TSG-6. Cells reported to express TSG-6 include activated fibroblasts, synoviocytes, chondrocytes, neutrophils, proximal tubular epithelium, bronchial epithelium, endothelium, and visceral, plus vascular smooth muscle (2, 8). TSG-6 has multiple functions, many of which involve the ECM. It is suggested to stabilize HA-rich ECM. It does so by serving as an intermediary, or link, between the individual subunits of extracellular decameric pentraxin 3 and the surrounding hyaluronan matrix (9). It also provides structure and organization to hyaluronan. This is accomplished by a TSG-6 mediated transfer of an 80-85 kDa HC subunit from I alpha I (inter-alpha -inhibitor) to HA. I alpha I is a four-component, 225 kDa serine protease inhibitor. It contains a protease inhibitor subunit (bikunin), two independent, accompaning protein chains (HC1 and HC2), and a short chondroitin sulfate linking moiety. TSG-6 is a cation‑dependent catalyst for the removal, transfer, and subsequent covalent linkage of HC 1/2 to surrounding HA. This provides substance and reinforcement to the ECM (1, 2, 10, 11, 12). The disassembly of I alpha I also leads to free bikunin, which in the “free” state becomes a potent inhibitor of serine proteases (8).

• References:

1. Milner, C.M. et al. (2006) Biochem. Soc. Trans. 34:446.

2. Milner, C.M. and A.J. Day (2003) J. Cell Sci. 116:1863.

3. Wisnieewski, H-G. and J. Vilcek (2004) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15:129.

4. Blundell, C.D. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:18189.

5. Lee, T.H. et al. (1990) Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:1982.

6. Lee, T.H. et al. (1992) J. Cell Biol. 116:545.

7. Kohda, D. et al. (1996) Cell 86:767.

8. Forteza, R. et al. (2007) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 36:20.

9. Salustri, A. et al. (2003) Development 131:1577.

10. Rugg, M.S. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:25674.

11. Sanggaard, K.W. et al. (2006) Biochemistry 45:7661.

12. Sanggaard, K.W. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:11936.

• Long Name:

  Tumor Necrosis Factor-stimulated Gene Sequence 6

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  7130 (Human); 21930 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  Hyaluronate-binding protein; TNF alpha-induced protein 6; TNFAIP6; TNF-stimulated gene 6 protein; TSG6; TSG-6; TSG-6tumor necrosis factor alpha-inducible protein 6; TSG6tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein; Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 6; tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 6; tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 protein