• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by the ability of the immobilized protein to support adhesion of J45.01 human acute lymphoblastic leukemia T lymphocytes. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 0.2-1.0 μg/mL.

• Source

  Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived

  Mouse Integrin alpha X (Phe20-Pro1116) Accession # Q9QXH4	His-Pro	GGGSGGGS	Acidic Tail	6-His tag
  Mouse Integrin beta 2 (Gln24-Asn702) Accession # P11835	His-Pro	GGGSGGGS	Basic Tail
  N-terminus				C-terminus

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Phe20 (Integrin alpha X) & Gln24 predicted, No results obtained: sequencing might be blocked (Integrin beta 2)

• Structure / Form

  Noncovalently-linked heterodimer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  131 kDa (Integrin alpha X) & 83 kDa (Integrin beta 2)

• SDS-PAGE

  135-150 kDa & 95-105 kDa, reducing conditions

Background: Integrin alpha X beta 2

Integrin alpha X beta 2, also called CD11c/CD18, p150/95 or complement receptor type 4 (CR4), is one of four beta 2 integrins. The non-covalent heterodimer of 150 kDa alpha X/CD11c and 95 kDa beta 2/CD18 integrin subunits is commonly used as a marker for dendritic cells (DC) and classically activated macrophages (M1), but is also expressed on hairy cell leukemias, with lower amounts on other myeloid cells and activated B, NK and some cytotoxic T cells (1‑7). Inflammation enhances surface expression of alpha X beta 2 in states such as obesity (adipose DC), asthma (lung DC) and hypertriglyceridemia (circulating monocytes), increasing the adhesive capacity of the cells and contributing to pathology (8‑10). The alpha X vWFA or I‑domain, which contains the adhesion sites, forms the N‑terminal head region with the alpha X beta-propeller and the beta 2 vWFA domain (1, 11). Like other integrins, alpha X beta 2 has multiple activation states (3). In the presence of divalent cations and "inside-out" signaling, alpha X beta 2 is fully active and extended. In the inactive state, the heterodimer flexes in the center at the alpha X thigh and calf domains and beta 2 I‑EGF domains, impeding access to adhesion sites (1). The 1097 aa mouse alpha X/CD11c ECD shares 87% aa sequence identity with rat, and 71‑73% with human, canine and equine alpha X, while the 679 aa mouse beta 2/CD18 ECD shares 91% aa sequence identity with rat, and 80-82% with human, bovine, canine, and porcine beta 2 ECD. Active alpha X beta 2 shares some adhesion partners with alpha M beta 2/CD11b/CD18, including complement opsonin fragment iC3b, ICAMs, vWF and fibrinogen, and is expressed on many of the same cells (4-14). However, alpha M beta 2 activity is often constitutive, while alpha X beta 2 activity requires cell activation (4-7). alpha X beta 2 also binds osteopontin, Thy-1, plasminogen, heparin, and proteins with abnormally exposed acidic residues (14-18). The adhesion events are important for proliferation, degranulation, chemotactic migration, and phagocytosis of complement-opsonized particles (5, 6, 12, 14, 15). Mutations of beta 2, especially in the vWFA domain, cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD-1) and susceptibility to bacterial infections (19).

• References:

1. Corbi, A.L. et al. (1987) EMBO J. 6:4023.

2. Kishimoto, T.K. et al. (1987) Cell 48:681.

3. Hynes, R.O. (2002) Cell 110:673.

4. Arnaout, M.A. (1990) Blood 75:1037.

5. Postigo, A.A. et al. (1991) J. Exp. Med. 174:1313.

6. Beyer, M. et al. (2005) Respir. Res. 6:70.

7. Nicolaou, F. et al. (2003) Blood 101:4033.

8. Stefanovic-Racic, M. et al. (2012) Diabetes 61:2330.

9. Gower, R.M. et al. (2011) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 31:160.

10. van Rijt, L.S. et al. (2005) J. Exp. Med. 201:981.

11. Vorup-Jensen, T. et al. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:1873.

12. Bilsland, C.A.G. et al. (1994) J. Immunol. 152:4582.

13. Pendu, R. et al. (2006) Blood 108:3746.

14. Sadhu, C. et al. (2007) J. Leukoc. Biol. 81:1395.

15. Schack, L. et al. (2009) J. Immunol. 182:6943.

16. Choi, J. et al. (2005) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 331:557.

17. Gang, J. et al. (2007) Mol. Cells 24:240.

18. Vorup-Jensen, T. et al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:30869.

19. Kishimoto, T.K. et al. (1987) Cell 50:193.

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  3687 (Human)

• Alternate Names:

  Integrin alpha X beta 2