• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by the ability of the immobilized protein to support the adhesion of CHO Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with VCAM-1. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 0.6-3.6 μg/mL.

• Source

  Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived

  Mouse Integrin alpha 4 Tyr34-Gln970 (Arg591Leu) Accession # AAH68313	GS Linker	Acidic Tail	HHHHHH
  Mouse Integrin beta 7 Glu20-Arg724 Accession # P26011	GS Linker	Basic Tail
  N-terminus			C-terminus

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Tyr34 (Integrin alpha 4), Glu20 (Integrin beta 7)

• Structure / Form

  Noncovalently-linked heterodimer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  113 kDa (Integrin alpha 4), 84 kDa (Integrin beta 7)

• SDS-PAGE

  115 - 170 kDa, reducing conditions

Background: Integrin alpha 4 beta 7/LPAM-1

Integrin alpha 4 beta 7 is an integrin family adhesion receptor that shares subunits with alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA4) and the E-Cadherin receptor, alpha E beta 7 (1). It is a non-covalent heterodimer composed of two type I transmembrane glycoprotein subunits, a 150 kDa alpha 4 (CD49d) subunit and a 130 kDa beta 7 subunit (2, 3). The alpha 4 extracellular domain (ECD) contains an N-terminal beta -propeller structure followed by thigh, calf-1, and calf-2 domains (1). The beta 7 ECD contains a vWFA domain, which interacts with the  
alpha 4 beta -propeller to form a binding domain. Metal ion binding sites termed MIDAS and LIMBS promote firm adhesion, and another site termed ADMIDAS is a negative regulatory site that promotes rolling (4-6). The mouse alpha 4 ECD shares 94% and 85% amino acid sequence identity with the rat and human alpha 4 ECD, respectively. The mouse beta 7 ECD shares 94% and 87% amino acid sequence identity with the rat and human beta 7 ECD, respectively. Integrin alpha 4 beta 7 binds the mucosal addressin  
MAdCAM-1, as well as VCAM-1 and Fibronectin (7). Integrin alpha 4 beta 7, which is critical for homing to intestinal mucosa, is induced during T cell activation in Peyer’s patches or mesenteric lymph nodes (8, 9). Its expression requires signals from local dendritic and stromal cells, including secreted retinoic acid (10, 11). The HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 binds to the active form of Integrin alpha 4 beta 7, and this may or may not account for the concentration of HIV-1 virus in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) (12-14). Integrin alpha 4 beta 7 may also be involved in lymphocyte trafficking in acute intestinal graft vs. host disease (GVHD) (15).

• References:

1. Luo, B.H. et al. (2007) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 25:619.

2. Takada, Y. et al. (1989) EMBO J. 8:1361.

3. Erle, D.J. et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266:11009.

4. Chen, J. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:55556.

5. Park, E.J. et al. (2007) J. Clin. Invest. 117:2526.

6. Yu, Y. et al. (2012) J. Cell Biol. 196:131.

7. Yang, Y. et al. (1998) Eur. J. Immunol. 28:995.

8. Wagner, N. et al. (1996) Nature 382:366.

9. Johansson-Lindbom, B. and W.W. Agace (2007) Immunol. Rev. 215:226.

10. Hammerschmidt, S.I. et al. (2008) J. Exp. Med. 205:2483.

11. Edele, F. et al. (2008) J. Immunol. 181:3745.

12. Arthos, J. et al. (2008) Nat. Immunol. 9:301.

13. Cicala, C. et al. (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106:20877.

14. Monteiro, P. et al. (2011) J. Immunol. 186:4618.

15. Chen, Y.B. et al. (2013) Bone Marrow Transplant. 48:598.

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  3676 (Human); 16402 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  269C wild type; CD49 antigen-like family member D; CD49d antigen; CD49d; CD49d/beta7; CD49Dantigen CD49D, alpha-4 subunit of VLA-4 receptor; IA4; Integrin alpha 4 beta 7; integrin alpha 4; integrin alpha-4 subunit; integrin alpha-4; Integrin alpha-IV; integrin, alpha 4 (antigen CD49D, alpha 4 subunit of VLA-4 receptor); LPAM1; LPAM-1; MGC90518; very late activation protein 4 receptor, alpha 4 subunit; VLA-4 subunit alpha