• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its ability to induce IL-6 secretion by NIH‑3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Towne, J.E.     et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem.     279:13677. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 3-18 ng/mL.

• Source

  E. coli-derived Gly13-Ser164

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Gly13

• Structure / Form

  Monomer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  17.3 kDa

• SDS-PAGE

  17 kDa, reducing conditions

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Data Images

Background: IL-36 gamma/IL-1F9

IL-36 gamma [previously called IL-1F9, IL-1 epsilon (epsilon), and IL-1H1] is a member of the IL-1 family which includes IL‑1 beta, IL‑1 alpha, IL‑1ra, IL‑18, IL‑36 Ra (IL‑1F5), IL-36 alpha (IL‑1F6), IL‑36 beta (IL‑1F8), IL‑37 (IL‑1F7) and IL-1F10 (1-5). All family members show a 12  beta -strand, beta ‑trefoil configuration, and are believed to have arisen from a common ancestral gene (2, 3). Mouse IL‑36 gamma is an 18-22 kDa, 164 amino acid (aa) intracellular and secreted protein that contains no signal sequence, no prosegment and no potential N‑linked glycosylation sites (1, 2, 4, 6, 7). Mouse IL‑36 gamma (aa 13-164) shares 58%, 84%, 64% and 60% aa sequence identity with human, rat, equine and bovine IL‑36 gamma, respectively, and 23-57% aa sequence identity with other family members. A 193 aa mouse isoform with a 29 aa N‑terminal extension has been reported (8). Highest levels of IL‑36 gamma are produced by Langerhans cells, keratinocytes, and stomach Chief cells and parietal cells; these cells contribute to first‑line defense against pathogens in the skin, lungs and digestive tract (2, 3, 6, 9). Its expression is induced by LPS treatment of monocytes, and by IL‑ alpha / beta, IL‑17 or TNF‑ alpha treatment of keratinocytes and bronchial epithelia (1, 6, 7, 9-11). Skin IL-36 gamma expression is increased in contact hypersensitivity and psoriasis (1, 6, 11). It is elevated in inflammatory disorders of the lung (such as asthma) and viral infections. Lung IL‑36 gamma and other IL‑36 proteins contribute to neutrophil influx (4, 7, 10). The receptor for IL-36 gamma is a combination of IL‑1 Rrp2, mainly found in epithelia and keratinocytes, and the widely expressed IL‑1 RAcP (4, 7, 9). IL‑36 alpha, beta and gamma all activate NF‑ kappa B and MAPK pathways in an IL‑1 Rrp2 dependent manner, and IL‑36 gamma induces production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as CXCL8/IL‑8 (7, 9, 10). Full-length recombinant IL-36 proteins appear less active than their endogenous counterparts, but trimming of the N-termini enhances their activity (12).

• References:

1. Kumar, S. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275:10308.

2. Busfield, S.J. et al. (2000) Genomics 66:213.

3. Dunn, E. et al. (2001) Trends Immunol. 22:533.

4. Barksby, H.E. et al. (2007) Clin. Exp. Immunol. 149:217.

5. Dinarello, C. et al. (2010) Nat. Immunol. 11:973.

6. Debets, R. et al. (2001) J. Immunol. 167:1440.

7. Chustz, R.T. et al. (2010) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 45:145.

8. NCBI Accession # NP_705731.2.

9. Towne, J.E. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:13677.

10. Ramadas, R.A. et al. (2011) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 44:134.

11. Johnston, A. et al. (2011) J. Immunol. 186:2613.

12. Blumberg, H. et al. (2010) J. Immunol. 185:4354.

• Long Name:

  Interleukin 36 gamma/Interleukin 1 Family 9

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  56300 (Human); 215257 (Mouse); 499744 (Rat)

• Alternate Names:

  IL-1 epsilon; IL-1 H1; IL-1 Related Protein 2; IL-1(EPSILON); IL1E; IL-1-epsilon; IL1F9; IL-1F9; IL1H1; IL-1H1; IL-1-Related Protein 2; IL1RP2; IL-1rp2; IL36 gamma; IL-36 gamma; IL36G; interleukin 1 family, member 9; interleukin 1-related protein 2; Interleukin 36, Gamma; Interleukin-1 epsilon; interleukin-1 family member 9; Interleukin-1 homolog 1; Interleukin-36 Gamma