• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured in a cell proliferation assay using HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Conn, G.     et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA     87:1323. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 1.5-7.5 ng/mL.

• Source

  E. coli-derived Pro28-Arg190

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Pro28

• Structure / Form

  Disulfide-linked homodimer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  19 kDa (monomer)

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: VEGF

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF or VEGF-A), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a potent mediator of both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the fetus and adult. It is a member of the PDGF family that is characterized by the presence of eight conserved cysteine residues. In human, at least eight alternately spliced isoforms of VEGF ranging from 206 amino acids (aa) to 121 aa in length are known. Three isoforms, VEGF₁₈₈, VEGF₁₈₂, and VEGF₁₆₄, have been identified in canine. Canine VEGF₁₆₄ shares 91%, 90%, and 98% aa sequence identity with the rat, mouse, and feline homologs, respectively. Two type I transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases, VEGF R1 and VEGF R2, that bind VEGF with high affinity, have been identified. Neuropilin-1, a receptor for semaphorin, also binds VEGF and acts as a co-receptor to enhance the affinity between VEGF and VEGF R2. Neuropilin-1 alone can also mediate VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration. VEGF regulates cell proliferation, migration, and survival of endothelial cells. These functions are partially mediated through the induction of nitric oxide, prostacyclin, and metalloproteinases. Together with angiopoietins or other vascular-specific growth factors, VEGF plays a separate but complementary role in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis (1 - 7).

• References:

1. JingJing, L. et al. (2000) Mol. Cell Biochem. 214:23.

2. Scheidegger, P. et al. (1999) Biol. Chem. 380:1449.

3. Thurston, G. (2002) J. Anat. 200:575.

4. Zachary, I. and Gliki, G. (2001) Cardiovasc. Res. 49:568.

5. Chevalier, S. (2002) Mol. Cell Endocrinol.189:169.

6. Robinson, C.J. and Stringer, S.E. (2001) J. Cell. Sci. 114:853.

7. Wang, L. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:48848.

• Long Name:

  Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  7422 (Human); 22339 (Mouse); 83785 (Rat); 281572 (Bovine); 403802 (Canine); 493845 (Feline); 30682 (Zebrafish)

• Alternate Names:

  MVCD1; VAS; vascular endothelial growth factor A; Vascular permeability factor; Vasculotropin; VEGF; VEGFA; VEGF-A; VEGFMGC70609; VPF; VPFvascular endothelial growth factor