详细说明
- Purity>97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
- Endotoxin Level<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
- ActivityMeasured by its ability to compete with biotinylated recombinant human GITR Ligand for binding to immobilized recombinant human GITR Fc Chimera.
- SourceSpodoptera frugiperda, Sf 21 (baculovirus)-derived Glu74-Ser199, with an N-terminal 6-His tag
- Accession #
- N-terminal Sequence
AnalysisHis - Predicted Molecular Mass15 kDa
- SDS-PAGE14 kDa-16 kDa, reducing conditions
| 694-GL | | 694-GL/CF |
| Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein. | Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. | |
| Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. | Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS. | |
| Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. | Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. | |
| Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
| Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
GITR Ligand, also known as TNFSF18 and TL6, is an approximately 30 kDa type II transmembrane glycoprotein in the TNF superfamily (1). Human GITR Ligand consists of a 50 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 128 aa extracellular domain (ECD) (2, 3). Within the ECD, human GITR Ligand shares 56% and 60% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat GITR Ligand, respectively. GITR Ligand is expressed on antigen presenting cells, CD4-CD8- double negative thymic precursors, vascular endothelial cells, neurons, and in the eye (4 ‑ 11). Its expression is transiently up‑regulated by proinflammatory stimulation (4, 8, 11). The binding of GITR Ligand to GITR on mouse CD25+ Treg cells permits the reactivation of T cells from Treg-induced suppression, although this does not appear to occur in humans (5, 9, 12 - 14). GITR Ligand binding to GITR additionally provides a costimulatory signal to activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NK cells (5, 6, 15, 16). This interaction also induces reverse signaling in GITR Ligand expressing dendritic cells to suppress cellular activation through the same pathway induced by the immunosuppressant dexamethasone (17). In the brain, GITR Ligand/GITR interactions enhance NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth from sympathetic neurons (10).
- References:
- Azuma, M. (2010) Crit. Rev. Immunol. 30:547.
- Kwon, B. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:6056.
- Gurney, A.L. et al. (1999) Curr. Biol. 9:215.
- Stephens, G.L. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 173:5008.
- Tone, M. et al. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100:15059.
- Hanabuchi, S. et al. (2006) Blood 107:3617.
- Kamimura, Y. et al. (2009) J. Immunol. 182:2708.
- Hwang, H. et al. (2010) J. Neurosci. Res. 88:2188.
- Tuyaerts, S. et al. (2007) J. Leukoc. Biol. 82:93.
- O’Keefe, G.W. et al. (2008) Nat. Neurosci. 11:135.
- Kim, B.J. et al. (2004) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45:3170.
- Shimizu, J. et al. (2002) Nat. Immunol. 3:135.
- Ji, H. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 172:5823.
- McHugh, R.S. et al. (2002) Immunity 16:311.
- Kanamaru, F. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 172:7306.
- Ronchetti, S. et al. (2004) Eur. J. Immunol. 34:613.
- Grohmann, U. et al. (2007) Nat. Med. 13:579.
- Long Name:Glucocorticoid Induced TNF Receptor Family Related Gene Ligand
- Entrez Gene IDs:8995 (Human); 240873 (Mouse)
- Alternate Names:Activation-inducible TNF-related ligand; AITRLMGC138237; GITR Ligand; GITRLglucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein ligand; Glucocorticoid-induced TNF-related ligand; hGITRLGITR ligand; TL6AITR ligand; TNFSF18; tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 18; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 18
400-6226-992