• Purity

  >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured in a cell proliferation assay using Balb/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Marquardt, H.     et al. (1984) Science     223:1079. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 5-20 ng/mL.

• Source

  E. coli-derived Ser94-Lys191

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Ser94

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  11.3 kDa

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: Amphiregulin

Amphiregulin (AR), also known as Schwannoma-derived growth factor (SDGF), is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of growth factors which includes, AR, EGF, transforming growth factor-a (TGF-a), heparin binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), betacellulin (BTC), epiregulin, and the neuregulins-1 through -4. All EGF family members are synthesized as type I transmembrane precursors and contain one or several EGF domains in their extracellular region. The bioactive form of the proteins is released by proteolytic cleavage. The ErbB family of receptors that includes ErbB1 - B4, mediates the biological activities of the EGF family ligands. AR was originally isolated from the conditioned media of PMA-treated MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line. AR mRNA expression can be detected in numerous carcinoma cell lines and in the epithelial cells of various human tissues including colon, stomach, breast, ovary and kidney. AR stimulates the proliferation of keratinocytes, mammary epithelial cells, fibroblasts, astrocytes and glial cells. AR is also a growth inhibitor for certain tumor cells. The gene for AR has been mapped to human chromosome 4q13-q21 and mouse chromosome 5. Human and mouse AR cDNA encode 252 and 248 amino acid residue type I membrane proteins, respectively. The two proteins share approximately 69% sequence identity. Mouse AR also shares 81% amino acid sequence homology with rat AR. Several secreted isoforms of AR that vary in length and/or glycosylation level can be found in cell conditioned media. The 98 amino acid residue recombinant AR has better receptor binding and biological activity than the C-terminal truncated forms of the protein.

• References:

1. Thompson, S.A. et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271:17927.

2. Sonoda, H. et al. (1992) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 185:103.

3. Normanno, N. et al. (2001) Frontiers in Bioscience 6:685.

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  374 (Human); 11839 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  Amphiregulin; AR; AREG; AREGB; Colorectum cell-derived growth factor; CRDGF; MGC13647; schwannoma-derived growth factor; SDGF