• Purity

  >97%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its ability to induce CXCL1/GRO alpha secretion in HT‑29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 0.25-1.5 ng/mL.

• Source

  E. coli-derived Val17-Ala169, with and without an N-terminal Met

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Val17 and Met

• Structure / Form

  Disulfide-linked homodimer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  17.6 kDa

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: IL-17E/IL-25

The Interleukin‑17 (IL‑17) family of proteins are immunoregulatory cytokines that share a conserved cysteine‑rich region. IL‑17E, which is also known as IL‑25, promotes Th2‑biased immune responses. This is in contrast to other IL‑17 family members which promote Th1‑ and Th17‑biased inflammation. IL‑25 is an important mediator of allergic reactions and protection against intestinal parasites (1, 2). Mature mouse IL‑25 shares 80% and 91% amino acid sequence identity with human and rat IL‑25, respectively (3, 4). During helminth infections and allergic reactions, IL‑25 is locally up‑regulated in intestinal and airway epithelial cells, atopic dermatitis skin lesions, and local Th2 cells, eosinophils, and basophils (4‑9). It binds to IL‑17 RB but also requires IL‑17 RA to exert its activity (3, 8, 10). IL‑25 acts on a variety of cell types which respond with increased production of Th2 cytokines (  e.g. IL‑4, IL‑5, IL‑13) and reduced production of Th1 and Th17 cytokines (  e.g. IFN‑ gamma, IL‑12, IL‑23, IL‑17A, IL‑17F) (4‑6, 8, 9, 11‑15). Airway IL‑25 can be activated by MMP‑7, a protease that is up‑regulated in airway epithelium in response to allergen exposure (16). Cleaved IL‑25 shows enhanced binding to IL‑17 RB and stronger induction of Th2 cytokines (16). The Th2 cytokines, in turn, trigger expansion of Th2 memory cells and anti‑inflammatory M2 macrophages, increased eosinophil mobilization and activation, and dendritic cell migration (4, 6, 9, 13). These actions promote protective anti‑helminth immune responses (4, 5) as well as allergic inflammation and airway hyperreactivity (11). The IL‑25 induced suppression of Th1 and Th17 cytokines limits Th17 cell expansion and disease pathology in autoimmunity and colitis (12, 15). IL‑25 also promotes vascular endothelial cell proliferation and assembly into tubular structures (7). It supports the integrity of the blood‑brain barrier and limits CD4  ⁺ T cell infiltration into the brain (17).

• References:

1. Saadoun, D. et al. (2011) Curr. Pharm. Des. 17:3781.

2. Iwakura, Y. et al. (2011) Immunity 34:149.

3. Lee, J. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:1660.

4. Fort, M.M. et al. (2001) Immunity 15:985.

5. Zhao, A. et al. (2010) J. Immunol. 185:6921.

6. Suzukawa, M. et al. (2012) J. Immunol. 189:3641.

7. Corrigan, C.J. et al. (2011) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108:1579.

8. Petersen, B.C. et al. (2012) Nat. Med. 18:751.

9. Wang, Y.-H. et al. (2007) J. Exp. Med. 204:1837.

10. Rickel, E.A. et al. (2008) J. Immunol. 181:4299.

11. Hurst, S.D. et al. (2002) J. Immunol. 169:443.

12. Kleinschek, M.A. et al. (2007) J. Exp. Med. 204:161.

13. Cao, Q. et al. (2011) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 22:1229.

14. Stock, P. et al. (2009) J. Immunol. 182:5116.

15. Caruso, R. et al. (2009) Gastroenterology 136:2270.

16. Goswami, S. et al. (2009) Nat. Immunol. 10:496.

17. Sonobe, Y. et al. (2009) J. Biol. Chem. 284:31834.

• Long Name:

  Interleukin 17E

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  64806 (Human); 140806 (Mouse); 501996 (Rat)

• Alternate Names:

  IL17E; IL-17E; IL17Einterleukin-17E; IL25; IL-25; interleukin 17E; interleukin 25; Interleukin-17E; interleukin-25