• Purity

  >90%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its ability to enhance neurite outgrowth of E16-E18 rat embryonic hippocampal neurons. Able to significantly enhance neurite outgrowth when immobilized as a 3 µL droplet containing 100 ng on a nitrocellulose-coated microplate.

• Source

  Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived Ala25-Gln1043 (Leu227-Gln242 del & Ala243Ser), with a C-terminal 10-His tag

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Ala25

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  114 kDa

• SDS-PAGE

  160-180 kDa, reducing conditions

Background: CHL-1/L1CAM-2

Close homolog of L1 (CHL-1), also known as cell adhesion L1-like (CALL) and L1 cell adhesion molecule 2 (L1CAM-2), belongs to the L1 subfamily of immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily cell adhesion molecules, which also includes L1, neurofascin and NgCAM-related cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM) (1 - 3). These molecules are type I transmembrane proteins that have 6 Ig-like domains and 4 - 5 fibronectin type III-like (FNIII) domains in their extracellular regions. They also share a highly conserved cytoplasmic region of approximately 110 amino acid (aa) residues containing an ankyrin-binding site. CHL-1 is expressed as a highly glycosylated 185 kDa transmembrane protein by subpopulations of neurons and glia of the central and peripheral nervous system (4, 5). Ectodomain shedding via the metalloprotease-disintegrin ADAM8 releases 165 kDa and 125 kDa soluble CHL-1 fragments, which can diffuse away to function at distant sites (6). CHL-1 is not capable of homotypic interactions, but an extracellular binding partner of CHL-1 has not been identified (4). Human CHL1 has been mapped to chromosome 3p26 and is a candidate gene for 3p^- syndrome characterized by mental impairment (7). A missense CHL1 polymorphism associated increased risk of schizophrenia, has also been reported (8). The functional importance of CHL-1 in the nervous system is also evident in CHL-1 deficient mice, which display behavioral abnormalities and show misguided axons within the hippocampus and olfactory tract (9). Enhanced ectodomain-shedding of CHL-1 is also observed in Wobbler mice, the neurodegenerative mutant mice (6). In vitro, soluble or substrate-coated CHL-1 promotes neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival of both cerebellar and hippocampal neurons. Cell surface CHL-1 interacts with integrins in cis to potentiate integrin-dependent cell migration toward extracellular matrix proteins (10). For this enhanced cell motility, CHL-1 linkage to the actin cytoskeleton via interaction between ankyrin and the CHL-1 cytoplasmic region is required.

• References:

1. Moos, M. et al. (1988) Nature 334:701.

2. Holm, J. et al. (1996) Eur. J. Neusci. 8:1613.

3. Wei, M. et al. (1998) Hum. Genet. 103:355.

4. Hillenbrand, R. et al. (1999) Eur. J. Neurosci. 11:813.

5. Liu, Q. et al. (2000) J. Neurosci. 20:7682.

6. Naus, S. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:16083.

7. Angeloni, D. et al. (1999) Am. J. Med. Genet. 86:482.

8. Sakurai, K. et al. (2002) Mol. Psychiatry 7:412.

9. Montag-Sallaz, M. et al. (2002) Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:7967.

10. Buhusi, M. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278(27):25024.

• Long Name:

  Cell Adhesion Molecule with Homology to L1CAM

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  10752 (Human); 12661 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  CALL; CALLClose homolog of L1; cell adhesion molecule with homology to L1CAM (close homolog of L1); cell adhesion molecule with homology to L1CAM (close homologue of L1); CHL1; CHL-1; FLJ44930; L1CAM-2; L1CAM2L1 cell adhesion molecule 2; MGC132578; neural cell adhesion molecule L1-like protein